Economic openness, institutional quality and per capita income: Evidence from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)


 The controversy surrounding the actual impact of institutional quality and economic openness on growth is among motivating factors for this study. study seeks to investi- gate relationship in Economic Community West African States (ECOWAS) by using panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test with annual series covering period from 2000 2020. Findings indicate that short-run, regulatory FDI outflows had an adverse performance ECOWAS bloc. Furthermore, long-run results show trade openness, political stability economy bloc, while positively affected economy. Consequently, paper recommends member countries bloc should put place effective framework short medium term attract inflows, building a strong stable environment long term.